- Industri: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A device for measuring the electromagnetic capacity of the ionosphere using the strength of a cosmic radio source relative to that during minimums of ionospheric disturbances.
Industry:Weather
A variable characterized by random behavior in assuming its different possible values. Mathematically, it is described by its probability distribution, which specifies the possible values of a random variable together with the probability associated (in an appropriate sense) with each value. A random variable is said to be continuous if its possible values extend over a continuum, discrete if its possible values are separated by finite intervals. See probability theory, statistical independence.
Industry:Weather
Climate for periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available.
Industry:Weather
In meteorology, the general geometric characteristics of atmospheric pressure distribution as revealed by isobars on a constant-height chart; usually applied to cyclonic-scale features of a surface chart. Compare height pattern, circulation pattern.
Industry:Weather
1. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. A short wave moves in the same direction as that of the prevailing basic current through the troposphere. The angular wavenumber of short waves ranges between eight and twenty. See cyclone wave. 2. A wave with a relatively short wavelength and period. For ocean wind waves, this usually means waves with periods shorter than about 60 s.
Industry:Weather
A series of fine weakly colored bows that can frequently be seen just inside the primary rainbow. When formed in rain showers, where there is a broad distribution of drop sizes, these bows are mainly seen near the top of the rainbow arch, but fade toward the vertical portions of the primary bow. They owe their name (beyond the prescribed number) to the fact that an explanation of rainbows based upon a treatment of light as a series of rays is incapable of accounting for them. However, when light is treated as a wave, the supernumerary bows become higher-order interference maxima, for which the primary bow is but the first maximum. In this sense, the supernumerary bows are as much a part of the primary bow as are, say, its colors.
Industry:Weather
May be used for any region that would not be illuminated by a given source of electromagnetic (or acoustic) radiation if it propagated strictly according to ray optics in a homogeneous (on the scale of the wavelength) medium. Some radiation, however, does penetrate shadow zones because of scattering by the propagating medium or by obstacles within it. Because of the widespread misconception that diffraction is fundamentally different from scattering, the term diffraction zone is also used, especially by radio engineers, who might say that the earth diffracts radio waves into this zone (and probably would ignore scattering by the atmosphere). Yet all radiation that penetrates a shadow zone does so because of scattering by the atmosphere and by solid and liquid bodies (including the earth) within the atmosphere or at its boundary.
Industry:Weather
A temperature inversion based at the earth's surface; that is, an increase of temperature with height beginning at the ground level. This condition is due primarily to greater radiative loss of heat at and near the surface than at levels above. Thus, surface inversions are common over land prior to sunrise and in winter over high-latitude continental interiors.
Industry:Weather
In meteorology, the general geometric characteristics of atmospheric pressure distribution as revealed by isobars on a constant-height chart; usually applied to cyclonic-scale features of a surface chart. Compare height pattern, circulation pattern.
Industry:Weather
Nome generale per la classe di actinometers che misurare l'intensità combinato della radiazione solare diretta e diffusa radiazione del cielo. Il piranometro è costituito da un registratore e un elemento che viene montato in modo che considera l'intero cielo (radiazione dall'angolo solido 2 π su una superficie piana) sensibile di radiazione. Vedere pyrheliometer, Robitzsch actinograph, albedometro.
Industry:Weather
