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Circular DNA found in the photosynthesizing organelle (chloroplast) of plants instead of the cell nucleus where most genetic material is located..
Industry:Biology
The five-carbon sugar that serves as a component of RNA.
See also: ribonucleic acid, deoxyribose.
Industry:Biology
Deactivation of specific genes; used in laboratory organisms to study gene function.
See also: gene, locus, model organisms.
Industry:Biology
One of the serially aligned beads or granules of a eukaryotic chromosome, resulting from local coiling of a continuous DNA thread..
Industry:Biology
Small cellular components composed of specialized ribosomal RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis.
See also: RNA.
Industry:Biology
An unordered collection of clones (i.e., cloned DNA from a particular organism) whose relationship to each other can be established by physical mapping.
See also: genomic library, arrayed library.
Industry:Biology
In genetics, a process in which a genetic counselor or other medical professional interprets genetic test results and advises patients of the consequences for them and their offspring..
Industry:Biology
The proximity of two or more markers (e.g., genes, RFLP markers) on a chromosome; the closer the markers, the lower the probability that they will be separated during DNA repair or replication processes (binary fission in prokaryotes, mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotes), and hence the greater the probability that they will be inherited together..
Industry:Biology
Chromosome segments that have been turned 180 degrees. The gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to the rest of the chromosome..
Industry:Biology
