Thanks to new U. S. labeling laws effective in 1994, understanding food labels is much easier than it once was. The Federal Nutrition Labeling and Education Act regulations not only require that specific information appear on processed food labels, they also implement improvements in four basic areas:
- package claims (which are now federally defined and regulated);
- serving sizes, which must be comparable for similar foods;
- referring to the % Daily Value column quickly tells the consumer the percentage of a particular nutrient in the food;
- by consulting the Daily Values, consumers can determine how much (or how little) of the major nutrients they should eat on a daily basis.
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the only parameter for this term is that it must contain "less of something," which means that it can refer to reduced calories, a lighter color or flavor (as with some oils), a fluffy (lighter) texture, or reduced fat, sugar, alcohol, etc. According to the FDA, the words natural flavorings refer to those that are "derived from a spice, fruit or fruit juice, edible yeast, herb, bark, bud, root, leaf or similar plant material, meat, seafood, poultry, egg, dairy product . . . whose significant function in food is flavoring rather than nutritional. " Be aware, however, that those broad parameters include ingredients like hydrolyzed protein and hvp, both of which contain msg.
The FDA has no set definition for the word natural. However, although there's no true consistency among manufacturers, the term generally means that the product has no artificial ingredients or intentional additives (although many "natural" foods are full of sugar, fat and preservatives). When the word "natural" is applied to meat or poultry, it generally means the product is minimally processed and free of artificial ingredients. Organic is another term that is often used without qualification, although in some states it refers to the fact that crops are pesticide free and that animal feed and water is sans chemicals. Enriched products are those that have lost nutrients during processing, then had them approximately replaced by enrichment. White flour, for example, loses 50 to 80 percent of many nutrients during processing, but then has some of them replaced. Fortified on a label (as with a breakfast cereal) tells you that nutrients have been added that weren't in the original ingredients. rda stands for "Recommended Dietary Allowance," the government-recommended daily amounts of protein, vitamins and minerals for healthy adults. Such amounts are ballpark figures and may vary slightly according to gender, conditions such as pregnancy, etc. See also additives.
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